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Red Bull
‘may have triggered
heart condition
that killed student’
TELEGRAPH.CO.UK
February 4th,
2009.
Chloe Leach, 21, had drank around four cans of the energy drink and several VKs -
a vodka based drink which also contains caffeine – when she suddenly fell to the floor in the Sugarmill club in Hull, East Yorks., on September 30 last year.
Miss Leach, a third-year social work student, of Cottingham, East Yorks., died at the scene despite efforts from staff and paramedics to revive her.
A doctor told the inquest into her death on Monday that it may have been caused by the caffeine triggering a rare heart condition.
It was thought initially that her drink had been spiked but the theory was rebutted by a medical expert at the hearing.
Miss Leach, who had been diagnosed with epilepsy in 2001 after suffering fits and seizures, was believed to have QT Syndrome – a condition which affects the electric activity in the heart.
She also had an abnormally large heart, and the doctor who carried out the post-mortem felt it was “probable
” that the caffeine had raised her QT Syndrome level to “abnormal”.
Dr Ian Scott, a consultant neuropathologist, said:
“On the basis of probability, her epilepsy, the QT, her abnormal heart and the the high levels of caffeine found,
the most likely cause of death was a cardiac arrhythmia due to underlying QT Syndrome.
“I excluded drugs as a cause –
the only drugs she had taken was her anti-epilepsy medication.
QT sufferers are prone to sudden arrests, the threat of which may not be detected during normal scans.”
.
Miss Leach’s mum Tina had suffered a heart attack some time ago and her cousin had previously died suddenly, which meant her entire family were scanned to search for defects, the hearing was told.
Although she was never officially diagnosed with the syndrome,
she had a QT “upper limit” which Dr Scott added could have increased in the years following her scans.
He said: “The QT levels may have grown over a few years,
or it may have been artificially pushed over the limit by caffeine.”
In the early hours of the club’s student night, just before Miss Leach collapsed at around 3am,
guest DJ Danny Latimer was hospitalised claiming his drink had been spiked,
leading to rumours that she had been the victim of a similar crime.
But it emerged that the former ‘Shipwrecked’ star had been charged with possessing Class C drugs and perverting the course of justice,
and any link between the two incidents was dismissed.
A medical report confirmed that Miss Leach had no drugs in her system other than her anti-epilepsy medication.
Miss Leach’s mum Tina, giving evidence, said:
“Chloe was careful regarding her consumption of caffeine.
She would drink Red Bull occasionally and was aware it contained caffeine.
“My concern is that we will never ever be able to prove she had QT Syndrome.
We will always doubt the circumstances surrounding Chloe that night.
I accept that we don’t have any evidence she had any substance in her blood,
but the description we have of what happened to the DJ is so similar to what happened to her.
“It seems too much of a coincidence and there are so many things that don’t add up.”
.
Ellouise Maxwell, who lived with Miss Leache and was also on her course at the University of Lincoln, Hull Campus, said:
“She was a happy, funny, optimistic, positive girl.
She was the top student out of 90 on the course.”
She added that hours before the night out on which she died,
Miss Leach had complained of felling dizzy during a lecture but put this down to period pains.
Later she went to a friend’s house, where she drunk a bottle of wine together with two cans of Red Bull because she “felt tired”.
She then drank approximately two more cans of the energy drink and a couple of VK drinks.
Another friend, Lorna Green, said:
“I saw Chloe fall.
I thought she had tripped up.
She was being sick but was not having a fit.”
Dr Stephen Morley, a consultant pathologist, said of Miss Leach’s Red Bull consumption:
“She may have had as little as two cans,
she may have had as many as six.
It was more probably about four.”
.
He added that a normal cup of coffee has 40 milligrammes of caffeine,
and Red Bull has 80 milligrammes in each can.
The family’s GP confirmed that Chloe had suffered her first fit in 1991 and also fainted and had a seizure in two separate incidents in 2001.
She was diagnosed with epilepsy, and had one further seizure in October 2002,
but after that had not suffered again with fits.
Geoffrey Saul, the coroner, ruled that Miss Leach died of natural causes.
He said: “The most likely trigger was Long QT Syndrome.
Dr Ian Scott, who conducted the post-mortem into her death, accepted she had never been diagnosed with this,
but he reasoned this could have grown over the years.
“She had been diagnosed as being in the upper limit,
and her ingestion of caffeine in the Red Bull may have led her to move above the threshold to abnormal.”
After the inquest, Miss Leach’s family said in a statement:
“Chloe was a very promising, delightful young student of impeccable character and soon to be qualified social worker.
Not only is Chloe’s loss a heartbreaking loss to our family, Chloe is a loss to society too.
.
_____LINDSAY LOHAN with a RED BULL
_
WHAT IS IN
RED BULL
ANYWAY?
Wired Magazine
June 26, 2007
Meat Sugar,
Caffeine,
and Bile!
Glucose
Like most
popular soft drinks,
Red Bull is largely
sugar water.
But don’t count on
its glucose to
“give you wings,”
as the ad says.
Multiple studies have
debunked the so-called
sugar high.
Taurine
Also known as
2-aminoethanesulfonic
acid,
taurine was originally
isolated from
bull bile in 1827.
Now made synthetically,
it is the magical elixir
said to bring out the
kitesurfing extremophile
in any Web-surfing nerd.
Taurine’s actual effects,
while not as drastic
as the hype,
are pretty wide-ranging,
even from the amount
found in a single can.
Not only is it an inhibitory
neurotransmitter
(in some cases acting
as a mild sedative)
and an age-defying
antioxidant,
it even has the potential
to steady irregular
heartbeats.
Glucuronolactone
Internet rumors claimed
this was a Vietnam-era
experimental drug that
causes brain tumors.
Luckily,
that’s not true.
But don’t crumple up
your tinfoil hat yet —
hardly anyone has
looked into exactly
what this stuff does.
So little research
has been done on
glucuronolactone
(and most of it
50 years ago)
that almost all information
about it is mere rumor.
Users generally believe
it fights fatigue and
increases well-being,
but that could turn
out to be bull,
too.
Caffeine
Ah,
here are Red Bull’s
wings.
All the things this drink
is supposed to do
for you —
increase concentration
and reaction speed,
improve emotional state,
and boost metabolism —
are known effects of this
white powder,
a distant
cousin of cocaine.
Niacin
(niacinamide)
Also known as
vitamin B-3,
niacin increases so-called
good cholesterol (HDL)
by preventing the formation
of triglycerides,
making it a terrific
cholesterol drug.
Unfortunately,
there isn’t enough niacin
here to have this benefit.
And it’s not even pure
enough to give you the
mild head rush dubbed
the “niacin flush.”
Sodium citrate
Commonly used as a
preservative in soft drinks
and spreadable cheeses,
sodium citrate also helps
convert glucose into
lactic acid during exercise,
producing a measurable
effect on athletic
performance.
In at least one test,
it shaved an average
of 17 seconds off
a 5K run.
Inositol
A carbohydrate found
in animal muscle
(sometimes called
“meat sugar”),
inositol is turning out
to be a wonder drug
that significantly
reduces depression,
panic attacks,
agoraphobia,
and obsessive- compulsive
disorder.
It might even be what
makes whole grains
effective cancer fighters.
Instead of being a bit
player in Red Bull
(you’d need to drink
as many as 360 cans
a day to get its benefits),
inositol probably deserves
a drink of its own.
Jan
28
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Honor Killing in Pakistan
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